17/04/2026Server computers (which contain the entire system database) are used in large-scale projects requiring high security, often with a redundant server (primary server/standby server). However, smaller plants may only need one server to save costs.Operating computers (human-machine interfaces) allow operators to monitor parameters, status, and operating modes of equipment in the plant, as well as issue remote control commands to the entire plant or individual systems. The number of operating computers depends on the size and operational needs of the plant, usually one (small plant), two (medium plant), or more.Engineering stations are computers used to maintain the control system, fully installed with software and connected to the control system. Technical computers are typically laptops; however, smaller plants may integrate them into server computers to save costs.A fault printer and a real-time system connected to GPS synchronize the time for all devices in the system.PLCs, including the controller (USC-104-M10) and input/output (I/O) modules, are the components that directly receive status signals, process logic, and issue control commands to the hydroelectric plant's equipment. The controller (USC-104-M10) can only be a single CPU as it does not support redundant CPU operation. I/O modules can be centralized (directly connected to the CPU) or distributed (connected to the CPU via Profibus, Modbus, etc. protocols).The PLC supports 2048 I/Os, allowing for easy expansion and connection.
HMI (Human-Machine Interface) screens allow operators to monitor parameters, status, and operating modes of equipment in the plant, as well as issue local control commands for the entire plant or individual systems.Unitronics PLC (USC-104-M10)See more
